DITA
  • Specifications
  • OASIS TC
  • Cover page information
  • Notices
  • Introduction
    • Terminology
    • References
      • Normative references
      • Informative references
    • Normative versions of DITA grammar files
    • About the specification source
  • DITA terminology, notation, and conventions
    • Normative and non-normative information
    • Notation
    • Basic DITA terminology
    • Specialization terminology
    • DITA module terminology
    • Linking and addressing terminology
    • Key terminology
    • Map terminology
    • Other terminology
    • File extensions
  • Overview of DITA
    • Basic concepts
    • Producing different deliverables from a single source
    • DITA topics
      • The topic as the basic unit of information
      • The benefits of a topic-based architecture
      • Disciplined, topic-oriented writing
      • Information typing
      • Topic structure
      • Topic content
    • DITA maps
      • Definition of DITA maps
      • Purpose of DITA maps
      • DITA map attributes
    • DITA metadata
      • Metadata elements
      • Metadata attributes
      • Metadata in maps and topics
      • Window metadata for user assistance
  • Accessibility and translation
    • Accessibility
      • Handling accessibility in content and in processors
      • Accessible content
      • Accessible tables
      • Examples of DITA markup for accessibility
        • Example: Alternate text for an image
        • Example: Alternate text for an image map
        • Example: Fallback information for multimedia content
        • Example: Simple table with accessibility markup
        • Example: Complex table with accessibility markup
        • Example: Complex table with some manually-specified accessibility markup
        • Example: Complex table with manual accessibility markup
    • Translation and localization
      • The xml:lang attribute
        • Recommendations for the xml:lang attribute
        • Processing expectations regarding the xml:lang attribute
        • Example: content reference and the xml:lang attribute
      • The dir attribute
        • The Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm
        • Recommended usage of the dir attribute
        • Processing expectations regarding the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm
      • The translate attribute
  • DITA map processing
    • DITA maps and their usage
      • Imposing roles when referencing a map
        • Example: How topicref roles are imposed on referenced maps
      • Examples of DITA maps
        • Example: DITA map that references a subordinate map
        • Example: DITA map with a simple relationship table
        • Example: How the collection-type and linking attributes determine links
    • Subject scheme maps and their usage
      • Subject scheme maps
      • Defining controlled values for attributes
      • Binding controlled values to an attribute
      • Processing controlled attribute values
      • The subjectrefs attribute
      • Examples of subject scheme maps
        • Example: a subject scheme map used to define taxonomic subjects
        • Example: How hierarchies defined in a subject scheme map affect filtering
        • Example: Defining values for deliveryTarget
    • Metadata cascading
      • Cascading of metadata attributes in a DITA map
        • Processing cascading attributes in a map
        • Merging of cascading attributes
      • Reconciling topic and map metadata elements
      • Map-to-map cascading behaviors
        • Cascading of attributes from map to map
        • Cascading of metadata elements from map to map
      • Examples of metadata cascading
        • Example: How map-level metadata elements cascade to the referenced topics
        • Example: How metadata elements cascade from one map to another
        • Example: How attributes cascade from one map to another
        • Example: How the cascade attribute affects attribute cascading
    • Chunking
      • About the chunk attribute
      • Processing chunk="combine"
      • Processing chunk="split"
      • Using the chunk attribute for other purposes
      • Examples of the chunk attribute
        • Example: Using chunk to combine all documents into one
        • Example: Using chunk to render a single document from one or more branches
        • Example: Using chunk to combine groups of topics
        • Example: How chunk="combine" effects the map hierarchy
        • Example: Using chunk to split documents
        • Example: How chunk="split" affects the map hierarchy
        • Example: When chunk is ignored
        • Example: Using chunk="combine" when the root map specifies chunk="split"
        • Example: Managing links when chunking
  • DITA addressing
    • id attribute
    • DITA linking
      • The format attribute
      • The href attribute
      • The scope attribute
      • The type attribute
    • URI-based (direct) addressing
    • Indirect key-based addressing
      • Core concepts for working with keys
      • Setting key names with the keys attribute
      • The keyref attribute
      • Using keys for addressing
      • Key scopes
      • The keyscope attribute
      • Addressing keys across scopes
      • Cross-deliverable addressing and linking
      • Processing key references
      • Processing key references for navigation links and images
      • Processing key references on topicref elements
      • Processing key references to generate text or link text
      • Examples of keys
        • Examples: Key definition
        • Examples: Key definitions for variable text
        • Example: Duplicate key definitions within a single map
        • Example: Duplicate key definitions across multiple maps
        • Example: Key definition with key reference
        • Example: Link redirection
        • Example: Link modification or removal
        • Example: Links from term or keyword elements
        • Example: conref redirection
        • Example: Keys and collaboration
      • Examples of scoped keys
        • Example: Scoped key definitions for variable text
        • Example: References to scoped keys
        • Example: Key definitions in nested key scopes
        • Example: Key scopes and omnibus publications
        • Example: How key scopes affect key precedence
        • Example: How key scopes with the same name interact
        • Example: subjectrefs attribute with key scopes
    • Context hooks for user assistance
  • DITA processing
    • Navigation
      • Table of contents
      • Alternative titles
    • Indexes
      • Index overview
      • Index elements
      • Location of indexterm elements
      • Index locators
      • Index redirection
      • Index ranges
      • Index sorting
      • Examples of indexing
        • Example: Index range defined in a single topic
        • Example: Index range defined in a topic prolog
        • Example: Index range defined in a map
    • Content reference (conref)
      • Content referencing overview
      • Direct URI-based content reuse
      • Indirect key-based content reuse
      • Reusing a range of elements
      • Pushing reusable content to a new location
      • Processing conrefs
      • Processing attributes when resolving conrefs
        • Using the -dita-use-conref-target value
      • Processing xrefs and conrefs within a conref
      • Examples of content referencing
        • Example: Simple conref usage
        • Example: Simple conkeyref usage
        • Example: Reusing a sequence of list items
        • Example: Reusing a sequence of elements of different types
        • Example: Reusing a range with conkeyref
        • Example: Using conaction to replace content
        • Example: Using conaction to push content before another element
        • Example: Using conaction to push content after another element
        • Example: Resolving conrefs to elements that contain cross references
        • Example: Resolving conrefs to elements that contain cross references, with key scopes
        • Example: Using the -dita-use-conref-target value
    • Conditional processing
      • About conditional processing
      • Expectations for conditional processing
      • About the DITAVAL document
      • Conditional processing attribute values
      • Conditional processing attribute values with groups
      • Conditional processing and subject schemes
      • Filtering based on metadata attributes
      • Flagging based on metadata attributes
      • Examples of conditional processing
        • Example: Setting conditional processing values
        • Example: Simple DITAVAL document
        • Example: Changing the default behavior to "exclude"
        • Example: Flagging with outputclass
        • Example: Filtering based on groups
        • Example: Filtering and flagging topic content
        • Example: Simple DITAVAL document
        • Example: DITAVAL with conditions for groups
    • Branch filtering
      • Overview of branch filtering
      • How filtering rules interact
      • Branch filtering: Single referenced DITAVAL document for a branch
      • Branch filtering: Multiple referenced DITAVAL documents for a branch
      • Branch filtering: Impact on resource and key names
        • Using metadata elements in the DITAVAL reference domain
        • Renaming based on multiple ditavalref elements
        • Handling resource name conflicts caused by branch filtering
      • Branch filtering: Implications of processing order
      • Examples of branch filtering
        • Example: Single ditavalref on a branch
        • Example: Multiple ditavalref elements on a branch
        • Example: Single ditavalref as a child of map
        • Example: Single ditavalref in a reference to a map
        • Example: Multiple ditavalref elements as children of map in a root map
        • Example: Multiple ditavalref elements in a reference to a map
        • Example: ditavalref within a branch that already uses ditavalref
        • Example: ditavalref error conditions
    • Sorting
    • Determining effective attribute values
  • Configuration and specialization
    • Overview of DITA extension facilities
    • Document-type configuration
      • Overview of document-type shells
      • Rules for document-type shells
      • Equivalence of document-type shells
      • Conformance of document-type shells
    • Specialization
      • Overview of specialization
      • Modularization
      • Vocabulary modules
      • Specialization rules for element types
      • Specialization rules for attributes
      • The class attribute rules and syntax
      • The specializations attribute rules and syntax
      • Specializing to include non-DITA content
      • Sharing elements across specializations
    • Generalization
      • Overview of generalization
      • Element generalization
      • Processor expectations when generalizing elements
      • Attribute generalization
      • Generalization with cross-specialization dependencies
    • Constraints
      • Overview of constraints
      • Constraint rules
      • Constraints, processing, and interoperability
    • Expansion modules
      • Overview of expansion modules
      • Expansion module rules
  • Element reference
    • DITA elements, A to Z
    • DITA attributes, A to Z
    • Topic elements
      • Basic topic elements
        • abstract
        • body
        • bodydiv
        • dita
        • prolog
        • related-links
        • shortdesc
        • title
        • titlealt
        • topic
      • Body elements
        • alt
        • cite
        • dd
        • ddhd
        • desc
        • div
        • dl
        • dlentry
        • dlhead
        • draft-comment
        • dt
        • dthd
        • example
        • fallback
        • fig
        • figgroup
        • fn
        • image
        • include
        • keyword
        • li
        • lines
        • longdescref
        • lq
        • note
        • object
        • ol
        • p
        • param
        • ph
        • pre
        • q
        • section
        • sl
        • sli
        • term
        • text
        • tm
        • ul
        • xref
      • Multimedia elements
        • audio
        • media-source
        • media-track
        • video
        • video-poster
      • Indexing elements
        • index-see
        • index-see-also
        • indexterm
      • Related links elements
        • link
        • linkinfo
        • linklist
        • linkpool
        • linktext
      • Table elements
        • colspec
        • entry
        • row
        • simpletable
        • stentry
        • sthead
        • strow
        • table
        • tbody
        • tgroup
        • thead
    • Map elements
      • Basic map elements
        • keytext
        • map
        • navref
        • relcell
        • relcolspec
        • relheader
        • relrow
        • reltable
        • topicref
        • topicmeta
        • ux-window
      • Subject scheme elements
        • attributedef
        • defaultSubject
        • elementdef
        • enumerationdef
        • schemeref
        • subjectdef
        • subjectHead
        • subjectHeadMeta
        • subjectScheme
    • Metadata elements
      • Descriptive metadata
        • audience
        • author
        • category
        • keywords
        • othermeta
        • prodinfo
        • publisher
        • prodname
        • prognum
      • Lifecycle management metadata
        • copyrholder
        • copyright
        • copyryear
        • created
        • critdates
        • metadata
        • permissions
        • resourceid
        • revised
        • source
      • Product information metadata
        • brand
        • component
        • featnum
        • platform
        • series
        • vrmlist
        • vrm
    • Specialization elements
      • data
      • foreign
      • no-topic-nesting
    • Domain elements
      • Alternative-titles domain elements
        • linktitle
        • navtitle
        • searchtitle
        • subtitle
        • titlehint
      • DITAVAL-reference domain element
        • ditavalref
        • ditavalmeta
        • dvrResourcePrefix
        • dvrResourceSuffix
        • dvrKeyscopePrefix
        • dvrKeyscopeSuffix
      • Emphasis domain elements
        • em
        • strong
      • Hazard-statement domain elements
        • consequence
        • hazardstatement
        • hazardsymbol
        • howtoavoid
        • messagepanel
        • typeofhazard
      • Highlighting domain elements
        • b
        • i
        • line-through
        • overline
        • sub
        • sup
        • tt
        • u
      • Mapgroup domain elements
        • keydef
        • mapref
        • mapresources
        • topicgroup
        • topichead
      • Utilities domain elements
        • area
        • coords
        • imagemap
        • shape
        • sort-as
    • Other elements
      • Legacy conversion elements
        • required-cleanup
      • DITAVAL elements
        • alt-text
        • endflag
        • prop
        • revprop
        • startflag
        • style-conflict
        • val
    • Attributes
      • Attribute groups
      • Universal attribute group
      • Common attributes
  • Conformance
  • Acknowledgments
  • Aggregated RFC-2119 statements
  • Coding practices for DITA grammar files
    • File naming conventions
    • DTD coding requirements
      • DTD: Use of entities
      • DTD: Coding requirements for document-type shells
      • DTD: Coding requirements for structural and element-domain modules
      • DTD: Coding requirements for structural modules
      • DTD: Coding requirements for element-domain modules
      • DTD: Coding requirements for attribute-domain modules
      • DTD: Coding requirements for element-configuration modules
    • RELAX NG coding requirements
      • RELAX NG: Overview of coding requirements
      • RELAX NG: Coding requirements for document-type shells
      • RELAX NG: Coding requirements for structural and element-domain modules
      • RELAX NG: Coding requirements for structural modules
      • RELAX NG: Coding requirements for element-domain modules
      • RELAX NG: Coding requirements for attribute-domain modules
      • RELAX NG: Coding requirements for element-configuration modules
  • Constraint modules
    • Examples: Constraints implemented using DTDs
      • Example: Restrict the content model for the topic element using DTD
      • Example: Constrain attributes for the section element using DTD
      • Example: Constrain a domain module using DTD
      • Example: Replace a base element with the domain extensions using DTD
      • Example: Apply multiple constraints to a single document-type shell using DTD
    • Examples: Constraints implemented using RNG
      • Example: Restrict the content model for the topic element using RNG
      • Example: Constrain attributes for the section element using RNG
      • Example: Constrain a domain module using RNG
      • Example: Replace a base element with the domain extensions using RNG
      • Example: Apply multiple constraints to a single document-type shell using RNG
  • Expansion modules
    • Examples: Expansion implemented using DTDs
      • Example: Adding an element to the section element using DTDs
      • Example: Adding an attribute to certain table elements using DTDs
      • Example: Adding an existing domain attribute to certain elements using DTDs
      • Example: Aggregating constraint and expansion modules using DTDs
    • Examples: Expansion implemented using RNG
      • Example: Adding an element to the section element using RNG
      • Example: Adding an attribute to certain table elements using RNG
      • Example: Adding an existing domain attribute to certain elements using RNG
      • Example: Aggregating constraint and expansion modules using RNG
  • Element-by-element recommendations for translators
  • Formatting expectations
  • Migrating to DITA 2.0
    • Changes from DITA 1.3 to DITA 2.0
    • Information about migrating to DITA 2.0
  • OASIS grammar files
    • File names in the base DITA edition
    • Globally-unique identifiers in the base DITA edition
    • Domains provided in the base DITA edition
    • Document-type shells provided in the base DITA edition
  • Processing interoperability considerations
  • Revision history

Constraint modules

This section is non-normative.

This section of the specification contains examples of constraint modules implemented using both DTD and RNG.

  • Examples: Constraints implemented using DTDs
    This section of the specification contains examples of constraints implemented using DTD.
  • Examples: Constraints implemented using RNG
    This section of the specification contains examples of constraints implemented using RNG
Related concepts
  • Constraints
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