The Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm
The Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm plays a critical role in ensuring that bidirectional text is correctly rendered.
Bidirectional text is text that contains text in both text directionalities, right-to-left (RTL) and left-to-right (LTR). Common examples of bidirectional text include the following:
- Documents in RTL languages such as Arabic, Hebrew, Farsi, Urdu, and Yiddish that include numerics or embedded sections of LTR text
- Documents that contain text in both LTR and RLT languages, for example, a topic that lists the names of a movie in multiple languages
The Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm specifies how text should be rendered for a given language. For more information about the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, see the following resources:
- Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, Unicode Standard Annex #9
- Specifying the direction of text and tables: the dir attribute, HTML 4.01 Specification
- Inline markup and bidirectional text in HTML, W3C internationalization article
- XHTML Bi-directional Text Attribute Module, XHTML 2.0 W3C Working Draft 22